QTL mapping for nitrogen use efficiency and related physiological and agronomical traits during the vegetative phase in rice under hydroponics
Breeding crops for better nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) is one of the primary objectives in modern agriculture to decrease nitrogen (N) fertiliser application. However, genetic information about the components of NUE is still limited. The present study aims to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for agronomical NUE (agNUE) and its two components—absorption NUE (aNUE) and physiological NUE (pNUE)—and related traits. A population including 174 recombinant inbred lines derived from the cross IR64/Azucena was tested twice in hydroponics in the Yoshida solution at the vegetative phase with three different N concentrations: 1X (standard), 1/4X and 1/8X. The different components of NUE and several physiological and agronomical traits were determined after 4 weeks of N treatment. The results were submitted to composite interval mapping (CIM) and to joint QTL analysis for multiple traits. The CIM revealed 14 putative QTLs for NUE components and 63 QTLs for 12 physiological and...